All Questions

(This question can be formulated purely combinatorially in terms of Dyck paths, which is done in the second part of the question. But I am more interested whether this can be explained by some sort of ...

I changed the thread completely so that everything is now elementary linear algebra. A Dyck path of length $n$ is a list of positive integers $[c_1,c_2,...,c_n]$ with $c_i -1 \leq c_{i+1}$ for all $i$...

Let $A \in M_n(\mathbb Z)$ and $A^T$ denote the transpose of $A$. Define the direct limits $$H_1 = \mathrm{colim} (\mathbb Z^n \xrightarrow{A} \mathbb Z^n \xrightarrow{A} \mathbb Z^n \xrightarrow{A} \...