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The $q$-binomial theorem states that $$ \prod_{k=0}^{n-1}(1+q^kt) = \sum_{k=0}^n q^{\binom k2}{n\brack k}_q t^k. $$ This identity is a $q$-analogue of the binomial theorem $$ (1+t)^n = \sum_{k=0}^n \...

Let $C_n=\frac1{n+1}\binom{2n}n$ denote the Catalan numbers. This question is motivated by the (unanswered) MO post by Alexander Burstein and my own (answered by Fedor Petrov) MO post. Specifically, ...

As usual, denote $[n]_q=1+q+\cdots+q^{n-1}=\frac{\,\,1-q^n}{1-q}$ and $[n]_q!=[1]_q[2]_q\cdots[n]_q$. Furthermore, we write $$\binom{n}k_q=\frac{[n]_q!}{[k]_q!\cdot[n-k]_q!}.$$ As a follow up on this ...