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I am working on a problem about planar graphs and trying to understand if two statements can both be true at the same time. The problem states that for any planar graph with at least 3 or more vertices, the number of edges is limited by a known inequality.

The first statement is: (1) A planar graph must have a node with degree at most 5.

This makes sense to me because Euler's formula and the constraints on the number of edges in a planar graph mean that there must always be at least one vertex with degree 5 or less.

The second statement is: (2) At least half of the nodes in the graph must have a degree of at most 12.

Here is where I get confused. While it's true that no node in a planar graph can have a degree greater than 12, I am not sure if it is always guaranteed that at least half of the nodes have a degree of 12 or less.

So my question is: Is it possible for both (1) and (2) to be true at the same time? Or does (2) fail in some cases, making (1) the only valid statement? I would really appreciate any clarification or insights into whether (2) can ever hold true alongside (1).

I know that to maintain an average degree less than 6 while still satisfying the upper bound on vertex degrees (degree ≤ 12), the vast majority of the vertices must have a degree lower than 12. Specifically, at least half of the vertices must have degree 12 or less in order for the average degree to stay below 6.

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  • $\begingroup$ This will shortly be closed as it not research level; while waiting for this, you could think about the average degree of a vertex and see where that leads you. $\endgroup$
    – Gordon Royle
    Commented 11 hours ago
  • $\begingroup$ In that case (2) is consistent because to keep the average degree under 6 while obeying the maximum degree bound of 12, at least half of the vertices must have a degree at most 12, but in that case will it be conflict with (1)? $\endgroup$
    – HSR
    Commented 3 hours ago
  • $\begingroup$ I don't understand what makes you think that (1) and (2) are in any way in conflict. They both say that a planar graph must have enough vertices of low degree; they just quantify it in different ways. $\endgroup$
    – Emil Jeřábek
    Commented 2 hours ago
  • $\begingroup$ Because of the "at most" part for both statements. How can they coexist together if one is "at most 5" and another one is "at most 12"? $\endgroup$
    – HSR
    Commented 2 hours ago
  • $\begingroup$ But that's no conflict. Something that is at most 5 is also at most 12. Do you understand what "at most" means? $\endgroup$
    – Emil Jeřábek
    Commented 1 hour ago

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