Does anybody know a reference for the following theorem?
Theorem 1. Let $(X_t)_{t=0}^\infty$ be a non-negative supermartingale.
Then, for any constant $c > 0$, the event $(\exists > t)\, X_t \ge c$ has probability at most $E[X_0]/c$.
The theorem generalizes the standard Markov bound.
The theorem is not hard to prove, but I haven't been able to find it in the literature.