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Let $n$ be a fixed positive integer. Define the function $f_n(x)$ as follows: $$f_n(x)=\left\{\begin{aligned}&2x-1,\quad x\leq n;\\&2(x-n),\quad x> n.\end{aligned}\right.$$ and for $l\in\mathbb{N}^*$, $f_n^{(1)}(x)=f_n(x)$, $f_n^{(l)}(x)=f_n(f_n^{(l-1)}(x))$.

My question is: Is there must be a $k\in\mathbb{N}^*$ such that $f_n^{(k)}(2)=2$? If the answer is yes, what's the relation between $k$ and $n$?

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1 Answer 1

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The set $\{2,3,\ldots,2n-1\}$ is mapped to itself, and if we use the new variable $y=x-1$, then it is doubled modulo $2n-1$. Thus the minimal $k$ is the multiplicative order of 2 modulo $2n-1$.

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  • $\begingroup$ Perfect! Thank you very much! $\endgroup$
    – Ren Guan
    Commented Nov 25, 2023 at 5:14

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