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How can I estimate the following value where $A,B$ are $d\times d$ matrices and expectation is taken over all random permutations of the product?

$$E_\text{shuffle}[\operatorname{Tr}\underbrace{AA\cdots A}_s \underbrace{BB\cdots B}_s]$$

In my application $A$ is a positive definite diagonal matrix, $B$ is positive definite symmetric rank-1, $\|A+B\|<1$. I need to estimate this in $O(d)$ time for large $d$ and $s\approx d$, any tips?

Empirically, this distribution appears to concentrate around the mean:

enter image description here

The following appears to hold empirically, is it true?

$$\operatorname{Tr}(ABABAB\ldots AB) \le E_\text{shuffle}[\operatorname{Tr}\underbrace{AA\cdots A}_s \underbrace{BB\cdots B}_s] \le \operatorname{Tr}AA\cdots AA BB\cdots BB$$

Any pointers to the relevant theory appreciated!

Motivation: to estimate $\operatorname{Tr}[(A+B)^{2s}]$ which gives error after $2s$ steps of SGD to solve linear problem with eigenvalues $h$ by following Eq.5 of Bordelon. $A,B$ is obtained from $h$ like this.

Notebook

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    $\begingroup$ If $B$ is rank $1$, then $B^2 = k B$ for some scalar k, which will simplify a lot of those products. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 11, 2023 at 3:19
  • $\begingroup$ Thanks, indeed, it seems a lot of values repeat. The number of unique values of $\operatorname{Tr}(ABA..)$ seems to be predicted by the integer partition function. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 11, 2023 at 8:20
  • $\begingroup$ It's interesting that the partition function is relevant. I would have guessed that for random real matrices it would instead be the number of $2$-coloured necklaces of length $n$, since trace is invariant under cyclic permutation. OEIS: oeis.org/A000031 $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 11, 2023 at 23:10
  • $\begingroup$ @MarkWildon I indeed see A000031 if I use generic matrices A,B. If I restrict A to be diagonal and B to be symmetric rank 1, I get oeis.org/A052810 $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 11, 2023 at 23:40
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    $\begingroup$ @YaroslavBulatov the outer-most inequality is known -- I saw it as Lemma 1.2.: homes.cs.washington.edu/~jrl/teaching/cse599Isp21/notes/…. Not sure about the general case. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 12, 2023 at 17:08

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