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Assume $u$ is a smooth solution for $$ \Delta u + f(u)=0\qquad \hbox{in}\quad \Omega $$ and $\Omega$ is a smooth convex domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$.

Is there a conjecture which are the weakest conditions on f under which the solution has convex superlevels?

Background to the question: In the 1980s, there was work by Acker, Caffarelli, Friedman, Spruck and others on this topic. However, the conditions at f are very different in each case. In the meantime there is also a counterexample by Hamel, Nadirashvili and Sire for the case f=-1.

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    $\begingroup$ At least, you need some convexity (concavity ?) For, if $f=\lambda u$ is linear, then $u$ may oscillate even under the zero Dirichlet boundary condition (just take $\lambda$ an eigenvalue of $-\Delta$, not the first one). $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 12, 2022 at 11:49
  • $\begingroup$ What is "the solution"? This equation can have many solutions. $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 13, 2022 at 4:34

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