$\newcommand{\Ga}{\Gamma}$The desired result actually holds for all real $a>0$ and, moreover, $f$ is monotonic on the entire interval $(0,\infty)$.
Indeed, let $c:=-\alpha>0$ and $b:=\beta>0$. Note that for any real $u\ne0$ we have
\begin{equation}
u^{-a}(\Ga(a)-\Ga(a,u))=u^{-a}\int_0^u t^{a-1}e^{-t}\,dt
=\int_0^1 s^{a-1}e^{-us}\,ds.
\end{equation}
So, we may let $0^{-a}(\Ga(a)-\Ga(a,0)):=\int_0^1 s^{a-1}e^{-0s}\,ds=1/a$, by continuity.
So, we may write
\begin{equation}
f(x)=J_b(x)/J_1(x),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
J_b(x):=\int_0^1 s^{a-1}x^{cs}b^{cs}\,ds.
\end{equation}
Hence, $f'(x)$ is equal in sign to
\begin{align*}
& \tfrac2c\,J'_b(x)J_1(x)-\tfrac2c\,J'_1(x)J_b(x) \\
& =\int_0^1 s^a x^{cs-1}b^{cs}\,ds\, \int_0^1 t^{a-1}x^{ct}\,dt \\
& +\int_0^1 t^a x^{ct-1}b^{ct}\,dt\, \int_0^1 s^{a-1}x^{cs}\,ds \\
&-\int_0^1 s^a x^{cs-1}\,ds\, \int_0^1 t^{a-1}x^{ct}b^{ct}\,dt \\
&-\int_0^1 t^a x^{ct-1}\,dt\, \int_0^1 s^{a-1}x^{cs}b^{cs}\,ds \\
&=\int_0^1\int_0^1 ds\,dt\,x^{cs+ct-1}(st)^{a-1}(sb^{cs}+tb^{ct}-sb^{ct}-tb^{cs}) \\
&=\int_0^1\int_0^1 ds\,dt\,x^{cs+ct-1}(st)^{a-1}(s-t)(b^{cs}-b^{ct}).
\end{align*}
Now the result follows, because $(s-t)(b^{cs}-b^{ct})$ is equal in sign to $b-1$ for all distinct real $s$ and $t$.