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Let $G$ be a linear algebraic group -- be it a Lie group or a group of Lie type. Let $V$, $W$ be subvarieties of $G$. Of course, $V\cap W$ is also a variety (not necessarily irreducible) and $V\cdot W^{-1}$ is a constructible set. It is easy to see that $\dim(\overline{V\cdot W^{-1}}) = \dim(V)+\dim(W)-\dim(V\cap a W)$ for $a\in V\cap W$ generic. By Bézout, we know that the degree $\deg(V\cap a W)$ of $V\cap a W$ (meaning the sum of the degrees of its components) is at most $\deg(V)\cdot \deg(W)$.

Is it always the case that $\deg(V \cap a W) \cdot \deg(\overline{V\cdot W^{-1}}) \leq \deg(V)\cdot \deg(W)$, for $a\in \overline{V\cdot W^{-1}}$ generic?

If not, is that the case under some sort of generic conditions, or, say, for $W = g V g^{-1}$ and $g\in G$ generic?

Reason why such a thing might be plausible: if $\dim(V) + \dim(W)\geq \dim(G)$, then, generically, $\overline{V\cdot W}$ is the entire group, and, while $\deg(G)$ is not in general $1$ for $G$ seen as a subvariety of $M(n)\sim \mathbb{A}^{n^2}$, the degree of $G$ "relative" to itself is in some sense $1$ (of course we would need to formalise that notion; the point is that that's how it works out in further applications of Bézout's theorem, in a trivial sense, in so far as, for $V\subset G$, $\deg(V\cap G) = \deg(V) \cdot 1$). If $\dim(V)+\dim(W)<\dim(G)$, then, generically, the intersection $V\cap W$ is empty, and non-generically, Bézout may not be tight.

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  • $\begingroup$ The claim that $\dim(\overline{V\cdot W})$ has dimension $\dim(V)+\dim(W)-\dim(V\cap W)$ is not true. For instance, typically when $V=W$ (say, for a general enough curve in the plane), we have $\dim(V\cdot V)=2\dim(V)$ (and not $=\dim(V)$). For the rest of the question, I'm not sure what you call degree. $\endgroup$
    – YCor
    Commented Oct 12, 2018 at 16:00
  • $\begingroup$ Hm, you are right. For the rest of the question - let us go with "sum of the degrees of irreducible components of maximal dimension" as the definition of the degree of reducible variety. $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 12, 2018 at 16:05
  • $\begingroup$ What {\em is} the case is that $\dim(\overline{V\cdot W})$ has dimension $\dim(V)+\dim(W)-\dim(V\cap a W^{-1})$ for $a\in \overline{V\cdot W}$ generic (or for $a$ in the image of a generic point of $V\times W$ under the multiplication map, which is the same). $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 12, 2018 at 16:07
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    $\begingroup$ What is the degree? $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 12, 2018 at 19:02
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    $\begingroup$ Laurent Moret-Bailly's question is still pertinent. Into which affine or projective space are you embedding your varieties? "Degree" is not defined without choosing such an embedding. $\endgroup$
    – inkspot
    Commented Oct 12, 2018 at 20:48

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