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There are non-standard isometric immersions of the sphere $S^2(r)$ of radius $0<r<4$ into the unit sphere $S^4$. Such immersion have been constructed in [1]. As shown in [1], these immersions are actually isometric embeddings when $0<r<1.6$. In particular we have a non-standard isometric embedding of the unit sphere $S^2$ into $S^4$.

Is there an isometric immersion of the unit sphere $S^2$ into $S^4$ which is not an embedding (has self-intersections)?

[1] D. Ferus, U. Pinkall, Constant curvature 2-spheres in the 4-sphere. Math. Z. 200 (1989), 265-271.

EDIT: The Veronese embedding mentioned by j.c. in his comment is described here.

EDIT2: The examples show that there are isometric immersions of $S^2(r)$ into the unit sphere $S^4$ that have self-intersections for $r<1$ and for some $r>1$. The original question about the case $r=1$ is still not answered.

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    $\begingroup$ A non-example: there is an isometric immersion of the 2-sphere of radius $\sqrt{3}$ as the double cover of the Veronese embedding of $\mathbb{RP}^2$ into the unit $S^4$. $\endgroup$
    – j.c.
    Commented Jun 4, 2018 at 22:50

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Here is a simple source of such immersions for $r<1$.

Consider geodesic subspheres $\mathbb{S}^2\subset \mathbb{S}^3\subset \mathbb{S}^4$. Take a closed curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb{S}^2$. Pass to its spherical suspension; it is embedded in $\mathbb{S}^3$. Pass to the spherical suspension again; you get an immersed singular surface $\Sigma^3$ in $\mathbb{S}^4$ which admits an immersion of hemisphere $$\iota\colon\mathbb{S}^3_+\looparrowright\Sigma^3.$$

Note that for $r<1$, there are isometric embeddings $f\colon\mathbb{S}^2(r)\to \mathbb{S}^3_+$ and for the right choice of $f$ and $\gamma$, the composition $\iota\circ f\colon\mathbb{S}^2(r)\to \mathbb{S}^4$ has self-intersections.

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    $\begingroup$ I do not understand this construction. Can you add a bit more details? What is the regularity of your mapping $f$? I am interested in the immersions that are at least $C^2$. $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 5, 2018 at 15:54
  • $\begingroup$ @PiotrHajlasz It is $C^\infty$; let's put it this way: there are plenty smooth deformations of $\mathbb{S}^3_+$ in $\mathbb{S}^4$; some of them have self-intersections. We embed $\mathbb{S}^2(r)$ into $\mathbb{S}^3_+$ and bend $\mathbb{S}^3_+$ to produce self-intersection for the composition. $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 8, 2018 at 13:24
  • $\begingroup$ Can you do it with the unit sphere $r=1$? That is precisely what I need. $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 8, 2018 at 15:46
  • $\begingroup$ @PiotrHajlasz, the construction works only for $r<1$. $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 8, 2018 at 16:37

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