# Greenberg and Iwasawa Theory

Let $p$ be a prime number and $H$ be number field. Denote by $\tilde{H}$ the composite of all $\mathbb{Z}_p$ extensions of $H$, so $\operatorname{Gal}(\tilde{H}/H)=\mathbb{Z}_p^{d}$. Write $\varLambda$ for $\mathbb{Z}_p [[\operatorname{Gal}(\tilde{H}/H)]]\simeq\mathbb{Z}_p[[t_1, ... t_d]]$. Let $M$ be the maximal abelian unramified $p$-extension of $\tilde{H}$, as well known $X=\operatorname{Gal}(M/\tilde{H})$ is noetherian torsion module over $\varLambda$.

1) Is $\frac{X}{(t_1,t_2,...,t_n)X}$ of finite cardinal or torsion group?

Consider $L$ the fixed field by $(t_1,t_2,...,t_n)X$, so $\operatorname{Gal}(L/\tilde{H})=\frac{X}{(t_1,t_2,...,t_n)X}$.

2) Is $L$ an abelian extension of $H$.

Let $S$ be the subgroup of $\operatorname{Gal}(M/H)$ generated by the inertia groups of the places $v_1,\cdots,v_s$ of $H$ ramifying in $\tilde{H}$. The index of the image of $S$ in $\operatorname{Gal}(\tilde{H}/H)$ is finite. Hence, replacing $H$ by a finite extension, we can assume that this image is isomorphic to $\mathbb Z_{p}^{d}$. Because $M/\tilde{H}$ is unramified, $\operatorname{Gal}(M/H)$ is a semi-direct product of $S$ with $X$.

Let $M_0$ be the maximal abelian extension of $H$ inside $M$ (note that $M_0$ contains $\tilde{H}$) and let $H_0$ be the maximal unramified extension of $H$ contained in $M_0$ (a finite extension).

By definition, $X/(t_1,\cdots,t_d)X$ is the maximal quotient of $X$ on which $\operatorname{Gal}(\tilde{H}/H)$ acts trivially. Because the action of $\operatorname{Gal}(\tilde{H}/H)$ on $X$ is by inner automorphism, this maximal quotient is also the quotient of $\operatorname{Gal}(M/H)$ by its derived subgroup and so the field $L$ fixed by $(t_1,\cdots,t_d)X$ is the maximal abelian extension of $H$ contained in $M$, and thus is equal to $M_0$. The answer to your question 2 is thus positive.

Moreover, as the places of $H$ ramified in $M_0$ are exactly the $v_i$ and as $M_0/\tilde{H}$ is unramified, we see that $S$ surjects on $\operatorname{Gal}(M_0/H_0)$ and hence that this $\mathbb Z_p$-modules has rank at most $d$. Hence, the rank of $\operatorname{Gal}(M_0/H)$ is less than $d$ and so the rank of $\operatorname{Gal}(M_0/\tilde{H})$ is zero. The module $X/(t_1,\cdots,t_d)$ is thus indeed a torsion $\mathbb Z_p$-module.

In fact, the answer above to your question 2) (resp. to your question 1)) exactly recapitulates the proof of the fact that $X$ is a noetherian $\Lambda$-module (resp. a torsion $\Lambda$-module). Good references include J-P.Serre Classes des corps cyclotomiques (d'après K.Iwasawa) (Séminaire Bourbaki, 1958) and K.Iwasawa On $\mathbb Z_\ell$-extensions of Algebraic Number Fields (Annals of Math.,1973).

• if you can just write me a little more detail on the second point. Apr 21, 2015 at 11:49
• @AdelLille Done. Have a look at the references as well, you will probably learn a lot. Apr 21, 2015 at 20:52
• Why the fact M/H̃ is unramified implies that Gal(M/H) is a semi-direct product of S with X? if we have two places of H ramifying in H̃ or more we don't know if the product of inertia group commute, so we don't kwon if $S$ is isomorphism to Gal(H̃/H), but if we have only one place of H ramifying in H̃, the fact that M/H̃ is unramified implies that Gal(M/H) is a semi-direct product of S with X. Apr 29, 2015 at 10:33