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The following is my first question here on mathoverflow.

Let $M$ be a closed connected Riemannian manifold with an isometric effective action of a compact connected Lie group $G$. Consider the representation of $G$ on $L^2(M)$ given by $gf(x):=f(g^{-1}x)$, which decomposes into a direct sum of irreducible representations. Let $V\subset L^2(M)$ be such an irreducible $G$-representation. Choose a function $a\in V$ with $||a||_{L^2(M)}=1$ and define a new, $G$-invariant function in $L^1(M)$ by

$v(x):=\intop_G |a(g^{-1}x)|^2dg$, $\quad x\in M$,

where $dg$ is the Haar measure on $G$. Then it is easy to prove (using the Schur orthogonality relations) that the function $v$ is independent of the choice of $a$. Indeed, let $u_1,\ldots,u_{dim(V)}$ be some $L^2$-ONB of $V$. Then

$v(x)=\frac{1}{dim(V)}\sum_{i=1}^{dim(V)} |u_i(x)|^2$, $\quad x\in M$.

Does the function $v$ have a common name? Do you know references where such a construction has been studied? The map $v$ seems to be a non-trivial function associated to the irreducible representation $V$ in an elementary way, and surely it has been studied or at least mentioned somewhere in the literature.

Thanks in advance for any helpful remarks and references.

Edit I: To get a more concrete grasp of the function $v$, consider the following example. Let $SO(2)$ act on the two-sphere (with standard metric) by rotations around the axis through the north pole and the south pole. Then each single spherical harmonic spans a one-dimensional irreducible representation of $SO(2)$ in $L^2(S^2)$, and in this case the function $v$ associated to such an irreducible representation is just the squared absolut value of the spherical harmonic spanning that representation. The squared absolute value of most spherical harmonics is indeed a non-trivial (i.e. non-constant) $SO(2)$-invariant function on $S^2$. More generally, whenever $V$ is one-dimensional, spanned by some function $u$ with $L^2$-norm $1$, then $v=|u|^2$. Note that this implies that every function spanning a one-dimensional subrepresentation of the representation on $L^2(M)$ given above must have a $G$-invariant absolut value. At the moment even that last fact seems non-trivial to me.

Edit II: As a second, easier example, consider the case $M=G$ with $G$-action given by left-multiplication. Then $v\equiv 1$, so it holds

$\frac{1}{dim(V)}\sum_{i=1}^{dim(V)} |u_i|^2 \equiv 1$

for every $L^2$-ONB $u_1,\ldots,u_{dim(V)}$ of an irreducible $G$-rep. $V\subset L^2(G)$.

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    $\begingroup$ I think the title of the question, which almost as useful as "Who can answer this question?" should be replaced by a title related to the topic. $\endgroup$
    – YCor
    Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 10:48
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    $\begingroup$ It's much better now (although "Who has seen it?" is unnecessary in the title). $\endgroup$
    – YCor
    Commented Sep 13, 2014 at 12:21
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    $\begingroup$ I think there is no reason why $v$ should be an element of $V$. Since $v$ is $G$-invariant, it could only be an element of $V$ if it were the zero function or if $V$ were a trivial representation. Moreover, note that if we drop the assumption that M is compact then the question still makes sense but $v$ is then a priori not an $L^2$-function, so it could never generally be contained in $V$ except in the trivial case $v \equiv 0$. However, the example that I just added to the question shows that there are many situations where $v$ is non-constant. $\endgroup$
    – B K
    Commented Sep 14, 2014 at 1:21
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    $\begingroup$ I looked into it, but I cannot find a relevant paragraph. Can you specify more precisely where I should look in the thesis? $\endgroup$
    – B K
    Commented Sep 14, 2014 at 1:40
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    $\begingroup$ The evaluation at $x\in M$ gives a map $\phi$ from $M$ into the dual $V^*$ of $V$; the function $v$ is simply (up to a fixed scalar multiple) the $G$ invariant norm on $V^*$ applied to $\phi (x)$ for $x\in M$; you can define this for any set $X$ on which $G$ acts, in place of $M$. $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 14, 2014 at 3:41

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