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Exclude trivialities.
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Stefan Kohl
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Given a set $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of positive integers, put $$ S_A: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, \ \ \ \ N \mapsto \sum_{n \in A \cap \{1, \dots, N\}} \frac{1}{n}. $$ There are obvious quite "natural" sets $A$ such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(N))$ (e.g. $A = \mathbb{N}$) and such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(N)))$ (e.g. $A$ is the set of prime numbers).

Question: Which "natural" sets $A$ are there such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(\log(N))))$ (and not $S_A(N) = o(\log(\log(\log(N))))$, to avoid trivial answers)?

By "natural" I mean: "has a short description which is not merely a trivial rewrite of the condition in the question".

Given a set $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of positive integers, put $$ S_A: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, \ \ \ \ N \mapsto \sum_{n \in A \cap \{1, \dots, N\}} \frac{1}{n}. $$ There are obvious quite "natural" sets $A$ such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(N))$ (e.g. $A = \mathbb{N}$) and such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(N)))$ (e.g. $A$ is the set of prime numbers).

Question: Which "natural" sets $A$ are there such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(\log(N))))$?

By "natural" I mean: "has a short description which is not merely a trivial rewrite of the condition in the question".

Given a set $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of positive integers, put $$ S_A: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, \ \ \ \ N \mapsto \sum_{n \in A \cap \{1, \dots, N\}} \frac{1}{n}. $$ There are obvious quite "natural" sets $A$ such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(N))$ (e.g. $A = \mathbb{N}$) and such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(N)))$ (e.g. $A$ is the set of prime numbers).

Question: Which "natural" sets $A$ are there such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(\log(N))))$ (and not $S_A(N) = o(\log(\log(\log(N))))$, to avoid trivial answers)?

By "natural" I mean: "has a short description which is not merely a trivial rewrite of the condition in the question".

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Stefan Kohl
  • 19.6k
  • 21
  • 75
  • 137

Sets of integers "a little less dense" than the set of prime numbers

Given a set $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of positive integers, put $$ S_A: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, \ \ \ \ N \mapsto \sum_{n \in A \cap \{1, \dots, N\}} \frac{1}{n}. $$ There are obvious quite "natural" sets $A$ such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(N))$ (e.g. $A = \mathbb{N}$) and such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(N)))$ (e.g. $A$ is the set of prime numbers).

Question: Which "natural" sets $A$ are there such that $S_A(N) = O(\log(\log(\log(N))))$?

By "natural" I mean: "has a short description which is not merely a trivial rewrite of the condition in the question".