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corrected error in the $E_k(u)$-expansion of $H^\vee_t(u)$ as well as an error in the expansion of $F^\vee(z ; t)$. These are not trivial edits, but important corrections so that I can at least keep track of what's going on. Otherwise I will forget and perpetuate errors in any future calculations.
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Jeanne Scott
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\begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle H^\vee_t(u) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k=0}^{|u|} \, (-1)^k \, E_{n-k}(u) \, t^{|u|-k} \\ \\ &\text{--- and so ---} \\ \\ \displaystyle F^\vee(z;t) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \langle H^\vee_t \rangle_n \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \sum_{k=0}^n \, (-1)^k \, \langle E_k \rangle_n \, t^{n-k} \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k \geq 0} \, (-z)^k \, \underbrace{\sum_{n \geq 0} \, (zt)^n \, {\langle E_k \rangle_n \over {n!}}}_{\text{$= \, F^\vee_k(zt)$ see below}} \end{array} \end{equation}\begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle H^\vee_t(u) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k=0}^{|u|} \, (-1)^k \, E_{k}(u) \, t^{|u|-k} \\ \\ &\text{--- and so ---} \\ \\ \displaystyle F^\vee(z;t) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \langle H^\vee_t \rangle_n \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \sum_{k=0}^n \, (-1)^k \, \langle E_k \rangle_n \, t^{n-k} \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k \geq 0} \, (-t)^{-k} \, \underbrace{\sum_{n \geq 0} \, (zt)^n \, {\langle E_k \rangle_n \over {n!}}}_{\text{$= \, F^\vee_k(zt)$ see below}} \end{array} \end{equation}

\begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle H^\vee_t(u) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k=0}^{|u|} \, (-1)^k \, E_{n-k}(u) \, t^{|u|-k} \\ \\ &\text{--- and so ---} \\ \\ \displaystyle F^\vee(z;t) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \langle H^\vee_t \rangle_n \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \sum_{k=0}^n \, (-1)^k \, \langle E_k \rangle_n \, t^{n-k} \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k \geq 0} \, (-z)^k \, \underbrace{\sum_{n \geq 0} \, (zt)^n \, {\langle E_k \rangle_n \over {n!}}}_{\text{$= \, F^\vee_k(zt)$ see below}} \end{array} \end{equation}

\begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle H^\vee_t(u) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k=0}^{|u|} \, (-1)^k \, E_{k}(u) \, t^{|u|-k} \\ \\ &\text{--- and so ---} \\ \\ \displaystyle F^\vee(z;t) &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \langle H^\vee_t \rangle_n \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{n \geq 0} \, {z^n \over {n!}} \, \sum_{k=0}^n \, (-1)^k \, \langle E_k \rangle_n \, t^{n-k} \\ &\displaystyle = \ \sum_{k \geq 0} \, (-t)^{-k} \, \underbrace{\sum_{n \geq 0} \, (zt)^n \, {\langle E_k \rangle_n \over {n!}}}_{\text{$= \, F^\vee_k(zt)$ see below}} \end{array} \end{equation}

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Jeanne Scott
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Question. Does anyone know how to solve either the $(\dagger)$-hierarchy of linear recurrences or, equivalently, solve the $(\dagger \dagger)$$(\dagger \!\dagger)$-hierarchy of 2nd order inhomogeneous ODEs, or equivalently the $(\dagger \! \dagger \! \dagger)$-ODE explained in the second answer/response below? Have eitherBy solve I mean to express the solution in terms of these hierarchies been previously studied?elementary functions, continued fractions, or else by some nice class of special functions (e.g. hypergeometric).

Question. Does anyone know how to solve the $(\dagger)$-hierarchy of linear recurrences or, equivalently, solve the $(\dagger \dagger)$-hierarchy of 2nd order inhomogeneous ODEs? Have either of these hierarchies been previously studied?

Question. Does anyone know how to solve either the $(\dagger)$-hierarchy of linear recurrences, the $(\dagger \!\dagger)$-hierarchy of 2nd order inhomogeneous ODEs, or equivalently the $(\dagger \! \dagger \! \dagger)$-ODE explained in the second answer/response below? By solve I mean to express the solution in terms of elementary functions, continued fractions, or else by some nice class of special functions (e.g. hypergeometric).

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Jeanne Scott
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typo $\gamma_{<k}$
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Jeanne Scott
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Fixed some problems with the exponential generating function and simplified the $(\dagger \dagger)$ system
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Jeanne Scott
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Fixed some problems with the exponential generating function and simplified the $(\dagger \dagger)$ system
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Jeanne Scott
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re-formatting equations to improve visibillity
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sign error in ODE changed
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some technical errors addressed
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still making changes
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Jeanne Scott
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editing the definition of coherence
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more clarification
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Francesco Polizzi
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more typos
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Jeanne Scott
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correction to calculations for $F^\vee_1(z)$ added
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Jeanne Scott
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some calculations for $F^\vee_1(z)$ added
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Jeanne Scott
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