It has been recently mentioned by a speaker (his talk is completely not relevant to random matrix theory/RMT though) that modern statistics, especially random matrices theory, will help solving some number theoretic problems.
I was quite intrigued and ask for more explanation but the speaker himself said he did not understand the philosophy well enough but point me to a few keywords to search for, one among which is "Katz-Sarnak philosophy".
After a few searches, I figured out that all sources seem to point to [KS]. The major results in [KS] seems like saying that the class of general linear (compact) groups have the same n-level correlations. While some researchers [Kowalski][Miller] do mention that they applied KS philosophy, but what they have done seems very different...So for number theorists and experts on elliptic curves:
(1) When you refer to "Katz-Sarnak philosophy", what kind of thinking/technique do you actually mean?
(2) Is there a formalism/explanation of this philosophy in language of RMT? I asked this because it might be helpful to understand it in this perspective (at least to a probabilist).
Any inputs are highly appreciated.
Reference
[KS]Katz, Nicholas M., and Peter Sarnak, eds. Random matrices, Frobenius eigenvalues, and monodromy. Vol. 45. American Mathematical Soc., 1999.Google books
[Kowalski]http://blogs.ethz.ch/kowalski/2008/07/30/finding-life-beyond-the-central-limit-theorem/
[Miller]Miller, Steven J. "One-and two-level densities for rational families of elliptic curves: evidence for the underlying group symmetries." Compositio Mathematica 140.4 (2004): 952-992.