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I think that sometimes even more important than remembering statements by heart is remembering some key ideas in the proofs, because they become new tools in your toolbox. Another thing that helps is to try to make variations of the theorems in the book and try to prove or disprove them. Self study is hard but it is essentially the only way from the PhD and on wards. Also try to discuss with other mathematicians as much as you can.
About (2) I can think of many harmonic functions in the ball which are not $C^2$ up to the boundary. When you say that this is true for the Laplacian what do you mean ?