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Homotopy theory is an important sub-field of algebraic topology. It is mainly concerned with the properties and structures of spaces which are invariant under homotopy. Chief among these are the homotopy groups of spaces, specifically those of spheres. Homotopy theory includes a broad set of ideas and techniques, such as cohomology theories, spectra and stable homotopy theory, model categories, spectral sequences, and classifying spaces.

25 votes
4 answers
4k views

A possible generalization of the homotopy groups.

The homotopy groups $\pi_{n}(X)$ arise from considering equivalence classes of based maps from the $n$-sphere $S^{n}$ to the space $X$. As is well known, these maps can be composed, giving arise to a …
Daniel Miller's user avatar
17 votes
7 answers
5k views

Intuition on finite homotopy groups

As I have been studying algebraic topology, something that I found puzzling was the existence of finite homotopy groups. For instance, $\pi_{4}(S^{2})\cong\pi_{5}(S^{4})\cong\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$. I …
Daniel Miller's user avatar
14 votes
4 answers
3k views

Basic questions on the homotopy category

I apologize in advance if this the answer to this question is standard or well-known. I am not in any way an algebraic topologist. $\newcommand{\s}{\mathscr}$Let $\s T$ be the category of topological …
Daniel Miller's user avatar
119 votes
6 answers
10k views

What properties make $[0,1]$ a good candidate for defining fundamental groups?

The title essentially says it all. Consider the category $\mathfrak{Top}_2$ of triples $(J,e_0,e_1)$ where $J$ is a topological space, and $e_i \in J$. There is an obvious generalization of the defin …
Daniel Miller's user avatar