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eigenvalues of matrices or operators

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How do eigenvalues change if we duplicate a row and column of a symmetric matrix?

We define a new matrix, $$ {\bf B} = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & {\bf a}_1^T \\ {\bf a}_1 & {\bf A} \end{bmatrix} $$ How are the eigenvalues of $\bf B$ related to those of $\bf A$? … Let $\lambda_k$ and $\mu_k$ denote the eigenvalues of ${\bf A}$ and ${\bf B}$, respectively. …
Jingxian Wu's user avatar