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An important and fundamental axiom in set theory sometimes called Zermelo's axiom of choice. It was formulated by Zermelo in 1904 and states that, given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The axiom of choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

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Decidability of the Axiom of Choice

NF is inconsistent with choice: http://www.pnas.org/content/39/9/972.full.pdf+html But there aren't even any relative consistency proofs. Interestingly, NF+urelements proves choice and is consistent …
Jeremy Shipley's user avatar