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Questions about the properties of vector spaces and linear transformations, including linear systems in general.

46 votes
1 answer
6k views

Determinant of a determinant

Consider an $mn \times mn$ matrix over a commutative ring $A$, divided into $n \times n$ blocks that commute pairwise. One can pretend that each of the $m^2$ blocks is a number and apply the $m \time …
Bjorn Poonen's user avatar
  • 23.8k
11 votes
Accepted

Surjectivity of bilinear forms.

The answer to Question B is no, as I'll show below. Let $U=V=\mathbf{Q}^3$ and $W=\mathbf{Q}^4$. Define $$\beta((u_1,u_2,u_3),(v_1,v_2,v_3))=(u_1 v_1,u_2 v_2,u_3 v_3, (u_1+u_2+u_3)(v_1+v_2+v_3)).$$ …
Bjorn Poonen's user avatar
  • 23.8k
14 votes
Accepted

Waring's problem for matrices

The answer is YES if $n$ is even. But if $n$ is odd, then the answer is NO since $-I$ is not a sum of two squares. See Griffin and Krusemeyer, Matrices as sums of squares, Linear and Multilinear Al …
Bjorn Poonen's user avatar
  • 23.8k
16 votes
Accepted

Spheres over rational numbers and other fields

Any orthonormal set extends to an orthonormal basis, over any field of characteristic not $2$. This is a special case of Witt's theorem. EDIT: In response to Vipul's comment: The proof of Witt's the …
Bjorn Poonen's user avatar
  • 23.8k