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Find a quantity such that $\varsigma\;\overline{\beta}$ squared equals $$\Delta^{\Upsilon}\;\varsigma\overline{\delta}\;{\stackrel{o}{M}}\overline{\delta}$$ (My translation into English from Di …

Mathematical objects do not disappear, except possibly in the rare cases when something was named and then proved that it does not exist. Mathematical objects come into and out of fashion from time to …

In some areas of mathematics, there are published lists of unsolved problems. Sometimes, progress surveys on these problems are published later. One example I am familiar with is "Hayman's collection …

The book Paradoxes of Measures and Dimensions Originating in Felix Hausdorff's Ideas By Janusz Czyż contains a 40 pages biographical sketch. It is available on Google books, most of it can be read fr …

One very famous error was made by H. Dulac in his 1923 paper which was supposed to prove that a polynomial system of differential equations in the plane has finitely many isolated limit cycles. (This …

When I was a student an idea was popular in Soviet Union that war moves science. I think this idea is correct in certain sense. If you include preparation to a war. Yes, some individual scientist …

The question is really multifaceted so I add another answer. Sergei Akbarov explained in a comment: Actually, I was asking about any war, not necessarily WWII. WWI was really devastating, especi …

According to Zentralblatt (which is freely accessible on Internet, since Jan 1, 2021, btw) Henri Gustave Vogt was a mathematician, apparently French, since he wrote in French, published in French jour …

When I was a student in Lvov in the 1970s, I heard many legends about Banach, so let me add a few points. Once Steinhaus was walking in a park, and he accidentally heard a conversation of two young pe …

Yes, indeed, this notation was used to state the dimension of the manifold. The idea of dimenson is very intuitive but it took long time and a lot of labor to formalize. Before the modern definitions …

Desargues theorem. Suppose you have two triangles $(A,B,C), (A',B',C')$ in the plane such that the lines $AA'$, $BB',\; CC'$ intersect at one point. Then the three points of intersection $AB\cap A'B'$ …

There are no mathematical reasons. It is a question of convenience. If you use the first definition, the inverse transform will have $1/2\pi$. If you use the third definition, the inverse transform wi …

There is also the book of F. Klein, Development of Mathematics in XIX century, vol. I, which has a large chapter on Gauss which describes his work on modular forms. This was written in XX century, but …

I believe that on the first two questions, there is no answer (so they are not well-posed:-) The reason is that the flat structure on a torus and the moduli spaces of tori were very well understood lo …

Mary Cartwright proved many important theorems in the theory of entire functions (too many to list them here). For a survey of her contributions I recommend her obituary: Zbl 1032.01034 Hayman, W. K. …