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An approximation algorithm is an algorithm that finds an approximate solution to a (typically NP-hard) problem. The quality of the algorithm is measured by how close to the actual optimum it performs. For example, it is a constant factor approximation algorithm if it always outputs a solution that is within a constant factor of the optimum. Hardness of approximation is one way to separate NP-hard problems.
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Giving a general term of a recursive function, and upper bound for it
Let a constant $B \ge 1$, and let $l_1 = 0$, $b_1 = 0$ be the values of $l$ and $b$ (respectively) at time $t = 1$.
Let $l_{t+1} = l_t + 1$ if $b_i < B$, and $l_{t+1} = l_t$ otherwise
Let $b_{t+1} = …