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An approximation algorithm is an algorithm that finds an approximate solution to a (typically NP-hard) problem. The quality of the algorithm is measured by how close to the actual optimum it performs. For example, it is a constant factor approximation algorithm if it always outputs a solution that is within a constant factor of the optimum. Hardness of approximation is one way to separate NP-hard problems.

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Lottery in O(1) per participant

Goal: implement in $O(1)$ per participant a lottery where each participant has some large number of tickets, and the best (e.g. least) one wins, without actually burning electricity in proportion to t …
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Lottery in O(1) per participant

Let's assume the blockchain has some kind of working VRF mechanism (Verifiable Random Function), whereby a pseudo-random number can verifiably be agreed upon in a way that not any participant can cont …
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