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forcing, large cardinals, descriptive set theory, infinite combinatorics, cardinal characteristics, forcing axioms, ultrapowers, measures, reflection, pcf theory, models of set theory, axioms of set theory, independence, axiom of choice, continuum hypothesis, determinacy, Borel equivalence relations, Boolean-valued models, embeddings, orders, relations, transfinite recursion, set theory as a foundation of mathematics, the philosophy of set theory.

23 votes
Accepted

Can every uncountable subset $\mathbb{R}$ be split at some number into two parts of the same...

No, the statement cannot be proven in ZFC without assuming continuum hypothesis or something similar. In fact, it is equivalent to the statement that there are finitely many cardinalities between $\al …
George Lowther's user avatar
18 votes
Accepted

Order type of the smallest set containing the identity function and closed under exponentiation

As Joel showed, the set $E$ is well-ordered with order type no more than the Cantor ordinal $\epsilon_0$. In fact, its order type is exactly $\epsilon_0$. This can be proved by constructing the order …
George Lowther's user avatar
26 votes

Non-Borel sets without axiom of choice

Measure theory without the Axiom of Choice (not even countable choice) is discussed in Fremlin, Measure Theory, Volume 5, Chapter 56. This is freely available online. Thanks to MO and ex-falso-quodlib …
George Lowther's user avatar