We are given a matrix $M \in \{0,1\}^{n\times n}$ satisfying the following property.

The rows and columns of $M$ can be partitioned into $k$ rowgroups and $k$ colgroups respectively, such that in each block $B \subseteq M$ induced by these partitions, whenever an entry $B_{i,j}$ is equal to $0$, all the entries of the $i$-th row or the $j$-th column of $B$ are equal to $0$ too.

Namely, given any such block $B\in \{0,1\}^{r_B\times c_B}$ of $M$, $B_{i,j}=0$ implies (i) $B_{i,p}=0~~\forall p\in [c_B]$ or (ii) $B_{q,j}=0~~\forall q\in [r_B]$ (hence, we may even have simultaneously both (i) and (ii)).

Question: What is the maximum rank of $M$?

I only know the maximum rank of $M$ is upper bounded by $k^2$.