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Superficial edits; added reference for the correct and well-known claim in the first sentence. Meaning and style preserved. Question seems rather vague and difficult and broad, in that 'How' and 'change' are intuitive terms.

If L is the laplacian matrix of an undirected graph, and D is a diagonal matrix, what does the cofactor of L+D look like?

We know (e.g. [Godsil, Royle: Algebraic Graph Theory, Lemma 13.2.3]) that any cofactor of the Laplacian matrix of a graph is constant, and is equal to the number of spanning trees of the graph. How do the cofactors change if I just add a diagonal matrix to the Laplacian matrix?

Any help would be greatly appreciated.