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This question is inspired by the recent answer, where @RobPratt proposed to use integer linear programming (ILP) for solving a number-theoretic optimization problem. I will consider a very similar ...

Let the integers $n\geq 2$, $k\geq 1$, $v=0$ or $1$ and $n_1,\cdots,n_k\geq 1$ such that $$ \sum_{i=1}^k n_i+v=n. $$ Define $P_a^b=0$ if both $a,b$ are odd and $P_a^b={{[a/2]}\choose {[(a+b)/2]}}$ ...

Let $A$ be a matrix in $M_{n \times m}(\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0})$ without zero column. Let $V$ be a vector in $\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}^m$. Question: What is the fastest way to find all the solutions $X \in \...