Elliptic surface with $\kappa = 1$

Question

I have two "rookie questions" about elliptic surfaces:

1. Let $S$ be an elliptic surface over $\mathbb{C}$, i.e. a smooth, projective algebraic surface equipped with a morphism $f: S \to C$ to a curve $C$ such that the generic fibre is an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{C}(C)$. The Kodaira dimension of an elliptic surface is at most $1$ (but can be $0$ or $-\infty$). If one asks that $g(C) \geq 2$, does this force the Kodaira dimension to be equal to $1$, or can it still be $0$ or $-\infty$?

2. A minimal elliptic surface is usually defined to be an elliptic surface which does not contain any vertical $(-1)$-curves, i.e. $(-1)$-curves contained in the fibres of the morphism $f: S \to C$. However there can be horizontal $(-1)$-curves. Does contracting such a curve always give another elliptic surface? If the Kodaira dimension is $1$ then this is certainly the case since it is a birational invariant. How do the fibres change in this case? I mean, they still have to be elliptic curves, but I don't have a very clear picture of what the relationship between the "new" and the "old" fibres is. I guess $C$ will not change, but I just can't imagine how the picture looks.

Answer 1

If $g(C) \geq 2$ then $\textrm{kod}(S)=1$.

The same holds also if $g(C)=1$ and $f$ is not locally trivial.

See [Barth-Hulek-Peters-Van de Ven, Compact Complex Surfaces], Proposition 12.5 page 215 (Chapter V).