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I am trying to understand why the morphism of prestacks $\mathcal{M}_{g,1}\to\mathcal{M}_g$ is the "universal family". Here $\mathcal{M}_g$ is the moduli stack of curves of genus $g$, its objects are smooth maps of schemes $X\to S$ with all fibers projective curves of genus $g$ over some fixed field $k$ with the cartesian diagrams as morphisms, and in $\mathcal{M}_{g,1}$ we fix a section $S\to X$ and require that the diagrams commute.

It was given as an exercise in Jarod Alper's course on stack to show that for a scheme $S$ the fiber product of prestacks

$\require{AMScd}$ \begin{CD} S\times_\mathcal{M_g} \mathcal{M}_{g,1} @>{}>> \mathcal{M}_{g,1}\\ @VVV @VVV\\ S @>{\tau}>> \mathcal{M}_g \end{CD} is isomorphic to $G$ as a prestack, in which $G$ is the family in $\mathcal{M}_g$ corresponds to $\tau$ under the 2-Yoneda lemma.

And I am struggling a bit, all the 2-categorical stuff is very new to me. I can construct an object of $G$ as a prestack from an object of the fiber product, but not the other way around.

Let's start with a an element of product. It is a triple $(x,y,\gamma)$, where $x$ is a morphism of schemes $T\to S$, $y$ is a family with a section $Y\to T$, $\gamma$ is a cartesian diagram

$\require{AMScd}$ \begin{CD} T\times_\mathcal{S} G @>{}>> Y\\ @VVV @VVV\\ T @>{id}>> T \end{CD}

Then we may take $T\times_\mathcal{S}G$ as an object of $G$ as a prestack.

What I don't get is how to go the other way, it seems that choosing a different section of the family $y$ results in the same object. Maybe I misunderstood what $G$ is as a prestack here?

EDIT: I just realized that a fiber product of prestacks is only unique up to a 2-isomorphism, so maybe it's hopeless to have a bijection on objects. I tried to show this result using the universal property description, but I still run into a problem: I can't construct a reasonable map $G\to \mathcal{M_{g,1}}$.

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  • $\begingroup$ an obvious try: the morphism $G\to \mathcal{M_{g,1}}$ corresponding to the curve $pr_2: G\times_S G \to G$ endowed with the canonical section $\Delta: G \to G\times_S G$ defined by the diagonal ? $\endgroup$
    – Niels
    Commented Dec 22, 2022 at 15:51
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    $\begingroup$ math.stackexchange.com/questions/4482388/… I wrote down an answer at MSE for the same thing. It's been a while but maybe it helps. $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 23, 2022 at 3:25
  • $\begingroup$ @CraniumClamp Thank you! I am a bit too tired to work through the details right now, but it seems to be exactly what I was looking for. $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 23, 2022 at 19:10

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