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Define $\mathbb{W} = H_{0}^{1}(-1,1) \times H_{0}^{1}(-1,1)$, where $u \in H_{0}^{1}(-1,1)$ if $u,u^{\prime} \in L^{2}(-1,1)$ and $u(-1) = u(1) = 0$. Consider the sesquilinear form $a: \mathbb{W} \times \mathbb{W} \to \mathbb{C}$ given by $$ a((u,v),(w,z)) = \int_{-1}^{1}u^{\prime}\overline{w}^{\prime}dx + \int_{-1}^{1}v^{\prime}\overline{z}^{\prime}dx + \int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{z}dx + \int_{-1}^{1}v\overline{w}dx $$ for $(u,v),(w,z) \in \mathbb{W}$. I want to show that $a$ is coercive, that is, there is $C > 0$ such that

$$ \text{Re}~a((u,v),(u,v)) \geq C \|(u,v)\|_{W}^{2}, \ \ \forall (u,v) \in \mathbb{W}. $$

Where $\|(u,v)\|_{W} = \|u\|_{H_{0}^{1}} + \|v\|_{H_{0}^{1}}$, such that $\|u\|_{H_{0}^{1}} = \|u^{\prime}\|_{L^{2}}^{2} + \|u\|_{L^{2}}^{2} $

Let $(u,v) \in \mathbb{W}$ and $$ a((u,v),(u,v)) = \int_{-1}^{1}|u^{\prime}|^{2}dx + \int_{-1}^{1}|v^{\prime}|^{2}dx + \int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{v}dx + \int_{-1}^{1}v\overline{u}dx $$ But $$ \int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{v}dx + \int_{-1}^{1}v\overline{u}dx = 2\text{Re}\int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{v}dx $$ Then, by Poincaré’s inequality $$ a((u,v),(u,v)) = \|u^{\prime}\|_{L^{2}}^2 + \|v^{\prime}\|_{L^{2}}^2 + 2\text{Re}\int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{v}dx \geq 2^{-3/2}\|u\|_{L^{2}(-1,1)}^2 + 2^{-3/2}\|v\|_{L^{2}(-1,1)}^2 + 2\text{Re}\int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{v}dx $$ I know that
$$ 0 \leq (\|u\|_{L^{2}} - \|v\|_{L^{2}})^{2} = (\|u\|_{L^{2}}^2 + \|v\|_{L^{2}}^2) - 2\|u\|_{L^{2}} \|v\|_{L^{2}} $$ Then $$ 2\text{Re}\int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{v}dx \leq 2\bigg|\int_{-1}^{1}u\overline{v}dx \bigg| \leq 2\|u\|_{L^{2}} \|v\|_{L^{2}} \leq \|u\|_{L^{2}}^2 + \|v\|_{L^{2}}^2 $$

But I need a contrary inequality and not the one above. Help me, please!!

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1 Answer 1

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The first eigenvalue of the second derivative with Dirichlet b.c. on $(-1,1)$ is $\pi^2/4$ (with eigenfunction $\cos \frac{\pi x}{2}$) and then Poincare' inequality with optimal constant is $\|u\|_2^2 \leq \frac{4}{\pi^2}\|u'\|_2^2$. It follows that
$$2| Re \int_{-1}^1 u\bar v | \leq 2\|u\|_2\|v\|_2 \leq \|u\|_2^2+\|v\|_2^2\leq \frac{4}{\pi^2}(\|u'\|_2^2+\|v'\|_2^2)$$ which gives $C \geq 1-4/\pi^2$, using on $W$ the norm $\|(u,v)\|^2_W=\|u'\|_2^2+\|v'\|_2^2$.

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  • $\begingroup$ how did you go about finding this constant $\pi^{2}/4$? $\endgroup$
    – user253963
    Commented Oct 31, 2022 at 18:59
  • $\begingroup$ The minimum of $\|u'\|_2^2/\|u\|_2^2$ is the first eigenvalue of the second derivative. $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 31, 2022 at 19:10
  • $\begingroup$ I want to show that there is a constant $C < 1$ such that $ \|u\|_{L^{2}(-1,1)} \leq C \|u^{\prime}\|_{L^{2}(-1,1)} $ then C is minimum of $\|u\|^{2} / \|u^{\prime}\|^{2}$. $\endgroup$
    – user253963
    Commented Oct 31, 2022 at 19:18
  • $\begingroup$ I'm not able to understand why taking $C \geq 1 - 4/\pi^{2}$ concludes. $\endgroup$
    – user253963
    Commented Oct 31, 2022 at 20:21
  • $\begingroup$ This is true only if $2\text{Re}\int_{-1}^{1}uvdx \geq 0$ $\endgroup$
    – user253963
    Commented Oct 31, 2022 at 20:48

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