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What is the reason for the BBG category $\mathcal{O}$ failing to be closed under extensions i.e which of the 3 axioms of $\mathcal{O}$ does not hold under taking extensions?

Is there a prototype of a counterexample?

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You can usually extend two modules from $\mathcal{O}$ by a module which is not semisimple for the Cartan subalgebra (i.e. fails to be a weight module). See Exercise 3.1. in [J. E. Humphreys, Representations of semisimple Lie algebras in the BGG category $\mathcal{O}$. Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 94].

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  • $\begingroup$ Thank you very much! $\endgroup$
    – KKD
    Commented May 27, 2020 at 11:26

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