# Existence of Nonnegative Solutions of Linear Systems of Equations and Inequalities with particular constraints

Suppose we have an $n \times m$ nonnegative matrix $A$, where each row sums to $1$. I wonder whether there exists an $m \times n$ nonnegative matrix $X$ that satisfies the following constraints:

• each row of $X$ sums to $1$.
• the diagonal entries of matrix $AX$ are all equal and they are larger or equal to any other entries of the matrix.

If the solution does not always exist, would be interesting to know necessary and sufficient conditions for such a solution to exist.

There are existence and uniqueness results for linear equations here and there, but this problem is about existence of a matrix with some particular constraints. Has been a while and still have no clue how to attack it.

• The entries are real numbers?
– joro
Apr 18 '16 at 11:01
• Not necessarily, but can be taken as an additional assumption if anything interesting could come out from there. Thanks~
– Ann
Apr 18 '16 at 11:06
• By "nonnegative matrix" do you mean this: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonnegative_matrix
– joro
Apr 18 '16 at 11:09
• Yes. I mean all entries are nonnegative.
– Ann
Apr 18 '16 at 12:18
• I think the the matrix $X_{ij} = \frac 1 n$ does everything you want, so maybe you want another condition
– user83457
Jul 1 '16 at 8:22

The question can be cast as the following feasibility problem (linear program): \begin{equation*} X \ge 0,\quad (AX)_{ii}=y,\ 1\le i \le n,\quad Xe=e,\quad (AX)_{ij} \le y,\ \forall i,j. \end{equation*} This is a linear program with $nm+1$ variables, and $(2n+1)m$ constraints. For a given $A$ whether the feasible set is empty of not can be determined by using a linear programming solver (see also this MO post).