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Let $X$ be a locally compact, $\sigma$-compact Polish (complete and separable metric) space. How to prove: "There is an increasing sequence of continuous cut-off functions with compact support, $0\leqslant f_n(x) \leqslant 1$ and $f_n(x) \to 1$ as $n\to \infty"$?

My proof: let $X=\bigcup_{i=1}^{\infty} K_i$, each $K_i$ is compact. Then we can find a pre-compact neighborhood $U_i \supset K_i$. Using Urysohn's lemma we can find function $g_i=1$ on $K$ and $g_i=0$ on $X \backslash{U_i}$. Let $$ g(x)=g_1(x)+g_2(x)+... $$ If for any point $x\in X$, $x$ belongs to finite number of $U_i$, then this function is well defined. Note that $g(x)\neq 0$ at any point $x\in X$ since $X=\bigcup_{i=1}^{\infty}K_i$. Thus we can define $$ f_1=g_1/g, f_2=(g_1+g_2)/g,..., $$which is what we need.

However, it seems to me that "$x$ belongs to finite number of $U_i$" may not hold. So how to prove this theorem?

And how to relax the assumption on $X$ to get this sequence of functions $f_n$?

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  • $\begingroup$ @ArthurFischer:So I delete the post on Mathematics. $\endgroup$
    – mafan
    Commented Sep 14, 2015 at 9:56
  • $\begingroup$ Of course "$x$ belongs to finite number of $U_i$" may not hold. Let $X=\mathbb{R}$ and $K_i=[-i,i]$. $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 14, 2015 at 11:37
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    $\begingroup$ Using local and $\sigma$ compactness, you can write $X=\cup_{n=1}^\infty K_n$ where each $K_n$ is compact and contained in the interior of $K_{n+1}$. Set $f_n(x)$ to be $0$ outside of $K_n$ and the max between $1$ and the distance from $x$ to the boundary of $K_n$ when $x\in K_n$. $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 15, 2015 at 12:04
  • $\begingroup$ @MathieuBaillif:Why can $X$ be the union of the countable, increasing compact subsets? $\endgroup$
    – mafan
    Commented Sep 16, 2015 at 2:56
  • $\begingroup$ Since $X$ is $\sigma$-compact, $X=\cup_{i=1}^\infty C_i$ with $C_i$ compact. Define $K_n$ by induction: cover $K_{n-1}\bigcup\cup_{i=1}^n C_i$ by relatively compact open sets, extract a finite subcover, $K_n$ is the closure of its union. $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 16, 2015 at 7:17

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