A projective smooth variety $X$ is weak Fano if $-K_X$ is nef and big. We say that $X$ is log Fano is there exists a divisor $D$ such that $-(K_X+D)$ is ample and $(X,D)$ is Kawamata log terminal.
Is it true that weak Fano implies log Fano? What is an example of a variety which is log Fano but not weak Fano?
That is true. Basically it is a consequence of the following fact:
Let $D$ be a nef and big divisor on an irreducible projective variety $X$. Then there exist an effective divisor $E$ and a rational number $0 <\epsilon\ll 1$ such that $D-\epsilon E$ is ample.
Proof: Let $D$ be a nef and big divisor. Since $D$ is big, by \cite[Corollary 2.2.6]{La}, there exist an ample divisor $A$, an effective divisor $E$, and a positive integer $k$ such that $kD\equiv A+E$. If $h>k$ we can write $hD\equiv (h-k)D+A+E$. The divisor $D^{'} = (h-k)D+A$ is a sum of a nef and an ample divisor. Therefore $D^{'}$ is ample. If $\epsilon = \frac{1}{h}$ we get that $$D-\epsilon E\equiv \epsilon D^{'}$$ is ample.
Now, it is enough to apply this to $D = -K_X$. What you get in the end is the follwing:
Let $X$ be an irreducible, projective variety with at most klt singularities. If $X$ is weak Fano then $X$ is log Fano.
As pointed out by the other answers, every smooth weak Fano is certainly log Fano. But you also asked for an example of a log Fano variety that is not weakly Fano.
Take any toric variety for which $-K_X$ is not nef.
More explicitly, rational ruled surfaces (ruled surfaces over $\mathbb{P}^1$) can have $-K_X$ big but not necessarily nef. For instance, consider the rational ruled surface with respect to $O_{\mathbb{P}^1} \otimes O_{\mathbb{P}^1}(e)$ for $e \gg 0$, this will not be weakly Fano (I think any $e > 2$ works actually). Check out the section in Hartshorne (or Lazarsfeld's Positivity book if you need background on ruled surfaces).
It's a fun exercise to explicitly work out what the $\Delta$ divisor is (can be) that makes $(X, \Delta)$ log Fano in the ruled surface case. You can also see explicitly why ruled surfaces over curves that aren't $\mathbb{P}^1$ cannot be log Fano.
I believe that all weak Fano varieties are log Fano. Basically, you can find an effective divisor $D$ such that $-K_X-\epsilon D$ is ample for arbitrarily small $\epsilon$. For a reference, see the proof of proposition 2 of https://www2.bc.edu/dawei-chen/AC.pdf.
