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A theorem in Cummings-Magidor, Martin's Maximum and weak square:

Theorem. Assume MM. Then we have, for $\lambda>\omega$,

  1. $\square_{\omega_1,\omega_1}$ fails.
  2. If $\mathrm{cf}(\lambda)=\omega$, then $\square_{\lambda,\lambda}$ fails.
  3. If $\mathrm{cf}(\lambda)=\omega_1<\lambda$, then $\square_{\lambda,<\lambda}$ fails.
  4. If $\mathrm{cf}(\lambda)>\omega_1$, then $\square_{\lambda,<\mathrm{cf}(\lambda)}$ fails.

(In fact, in 2, even $\mathrm{Apr}_\lambda$ fails, but I haven't found the reference yet.)
Moreover, the theorem is also optimal in the following sense: It is consistent with MM that

  1. $\square_{\lambda,\lambda}$ holds for all $\lambda$ with $\mathrm{cf}(\lambda)=\omega_1<\lambda$,
  2. $\square_{\lambda,\mathrm{cf}(\lambda)}$ holds for all $\lambda$ with $\mathrm{cf}(\lambda)>\omega_1$.

I think this is the strongest negation of (Jensen's) squares that we know. If not then please let me know.

$\square_{\kappa,\kappa}$ is equivalent to existence of special $\kappa^+$-Aronszajn tree. Therefore the question is equivalent to asking whether it is consistent that if $\kappa^+$ is a successor cardinal then there is no special $\kappa^+$-Aronszajn tree.

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    $\begingroup$ Note that MM implies SCH, which implies that $\square_{\kappa^+,\kappa^+}$ holds whenever $\kappa$ is a singular strong limit. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 7 at 9:37
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    $\begingroup$ Yes, but I'm asking in general. It's very close to the open question whether it's consistent to have tree property for all regular cardinals $>\omega_1$. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 7 at 9:43

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This is open. The best result seems to be the following theorem of Spencer Unger:

Theorem From large cardinals, it is consistent that there are no special Aronszajn trees at all regular cardinals in the interval $[\aleph_2, \aleph_{\omega^2+3}]$.

See his papers SUCCESSIVE FAILURES OF APPROACHABILITY.

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