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In Gaps in the constructible universe, Marek and Srebrny, 1973 a gap ordinal and the start of a gap are defined as follows

$\alpha$ is a gap ordinal iff $(L_{\alpha+1}-L_\alpha)\bigcap \mathcal{P}(\omega) = \emptyset$

$\alpha$ starts a gap iff it is a gap ordinal and $\forall\beta\in\alpha((L_\alpha-L_\beta)\bigcap \mathcal{P}(\omega) \neq \emptyset)$

They present the following Lemma and Corollary, the Corollary without any proof or comment:

Lemma 2.4. If $\alpha$ starts a gap, then it is a limit ordinal.

Corollary 2.4. If $\alpha$ starts a gap, then $L_\alpha \models V=HC$.

This presentation of course makes it seem as if every limit $\alpha \in \omega_1^L$ satisfies $L_\alpha \models V=HC$, but I haven't been able to prove this fact, and am not sure it's true.

I've also tried proving the Corollary by additionally using the fact that $\alpha$ starts a gap as follows:

As per the definition, this means there are in $\alpha$ arbitrarily big non-gap ordinals. By a result of Boolos mentioned in the article, if $\beta$ is a non-gap ordinal, there is an $E_\beta \in L_{\beta+1}$ such that $\langle Field(E_\beta), E_\beta \rangle \cong \langle L_\beta, \in \rangle$, where $Field(E_\beta) \subseteq \omega$. Thus, given an $x \in L_\alpha$, it'll belong to some $L_\beta$ such that there's an $E_\beta \in L_\alpha$, and thus $L_\alpha$ will prove $x$ countable, given the isomorphism between $L_\beta$ and $Field(E_\beta)$ also belongs to $L_\alpha$. But I'm not sure of this last fact. Checking the proof of Theorem 1 in Degrees of unsolvability of constructible sets of integers, Boolos and Putnam, 1968, the fact will be true if the Mostowski collapse is always definable in the constructible hierarchy in $\omega$ steps. More concretely, if when $S \in L_\beta$, then the function $mos: S \leftrightarrow mos(S)$ belongs to $L_\alpha$.

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    $\begingroup$ It is absolutely false that every $L_\alpha$ satisfies $V=\rm HC$ for limit $\alpha<\omega_1^L$. Just take an elementary submodel of $L_{\omega_2}$ and collapse to some $L_\alpha$, for example. $\endgroup$
    – Asaf Karagila
    Commented May 2, 2022 at 21:11
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    $\begingroup$ The existence of the Mostowski collapse is often called Beta. Beta is not provable in KP but it is provable in KP + $\Sigma_2$-collection. So it's somewhere between $\Sigma_1$ and $\Sigma_2$ in the admissibility spectrum. $\endgroup$ Commented May 3, 2022 at 1:21
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    $\begingroup$ Regarding the "last fact" mentioned in the question, i.e. whether $L_\alpha$ has the isomorphism between $L_\beta$ and $E_\beta$: The Mostowski collapse can take longer than $\omega$ steps (consider e.g. recursive wellorders of $\omega$, which have Mostowski collapses cofinal in $\omega_1^{\mathrm{ck}}$). But if $\alpha$ starts a gap then $L_\alpha$ models ZF$^-$, and so can compute Mostowski collapses. $\endgroup$
    – Farmer S
    Commented May 3, 2022 at 12:34
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    $\begingroup$ @MartinS Fair enough. How about this? If $\beta$ ends a gap, then there is a surjection from $\omega$ to $L_\beta$ which is definable over $L_\beta$, without parameters. This follows from standard fine structure theory, and gives a surjection $\omega\to L_\beta$ which is in $L_{\beta+1}$. But for our purposes, it's enough to prove a slightly weaker thing: there is a surjection from $\omega$ to $L_{\beta}$ which is in $L_{\beta+2}$... $\endgroup$
    – Farmer S
    Commented May 9, 2022 at 16:31
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    $\begingroup$ For this, fix the lexicographically least $p\in[\beta]^{<\omega}$ such that there is a real $x\in L_{\beta+1}\backslash L_\beta$ which is definable over $L_\beta$ from parameter $p$, and fix a witnessing real $x$. Let $H\preccurlyeq L_\beta$ be the definable hull of $\{p\}$ over $L_\beta$ (that is, $H$ is the set of all elements of $L_\beta$ which are definable over $L_\beta$ from $p$)... $\endgroup$
    – Farmer S
    Commented May 9, 2022 at 16:31

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As Asaf mentioned, this is not true. It's indeed true that when $\alpha$ is a gap ordinal $L_\alpha\vDash\textrm{V=HC}$, but when considering some ordinals above gap ordinals we get points where it fails. For example, this example uses a result from Arai's "A sneak preview of proof theory of ordinals" (p.17): let $\alpha$ start a gap of length $\alpha^+$ (where $\xi^+$ denotes the least admissible $>\xi$.) Then not only does $L_{\alpha^+}\vDash\lnot(\textrm{V=HC})$, but also $\omega_1^{L_{\alpha^+}}$ (i.e. what $L_{\alpha^+}$ thinks is $\omega_1$) is $\alpha$.

We can find larger cardinals $\kappa$ where this premise fails for $\textrm{V=H}_\kappa$ as well - the minimal $L_\alpha$ modelling ZFC satisfies powerset so it believes all sorts of accessible cardinals exist, but $\alpha$ is countable according to David Madore's "A Zoo of Ordinals" (p.6).

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