Thanks to Drew Heard's comment I was able to find answers to my questions. In his paper "Picard groups of derived categories" H. Fausk proves the following theorem (see Theorem 4.2).
Theorem: Let $(\mathcal{E},\mathcal{O})$ be a commutative unital ringed Grothendieck topos with enough points such that for all points $p$
of $\mathcal{E}$ the ring $\mathcal{O}_p$ has a connected prime
ideal spectrum. Then there is a natural split short exact sequence:
$$0\rightarrow Pic(\mathcal{O}-Mod)\rightarrow Pic(D(\mathcal{O}-Mod))\rightarrow C(pt(\mathcal{E}))\rightarrow 0$$
Let us apply this theorem to the case of a connected and locally connected topological space $X$, together with the constant sheaf $\underline{R}$ (i.e. $\mathcal{O}=\underline{R}$) and let us suppose that $R$ is an integral domain (its prime ideal spectrum is connected), then we have the corollaries.
Corollary A: We have a split short exact sequence
$$0\rightarrow Pic(\underline{R}-Mod)\rightarrow Pic(D(X,R))\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}\rightarrow 0$$where the section is the morphism that sends the integer $n\in\mathbb{Z}$ to the constant sheaf $\underline{R}[n]$.
Corollary B: Moreover if $X$ is stratified then we have a split short exact sequence
$$0\rightarrow Pic(\underline{R}-Mod_c)\rightarrow Pic(D_c(X,R))\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}\rightarrow 0$$ where $\underline{R}-Mod_c$ is the category of constructible sheaves of $\underline{R}$-modules.
Let us look to the case of a point then we have a split short exact sequence (with the hypothesis that $Spec(R)$ connected):
$$0\rightarrow Pic(R)\rightarrow Pic(D(R)) \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}\rightarrow 0.$$