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Let $\text{Cont}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ denote the set of continuous self-maps of $\mathbb{R}$ and let $\mathbb{R}^\mathbb{R}$ denote the set of all self-maps of $\mathbb{R}$, endowed with the product topology. Is $\text{Cont}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ dense in $\mathbb{R}^\mathbb{R}$?

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  • $\begingroup$ I would say no, since a non Borel self-map of $\mathbb{R}$ is not the limit by pointwise convergence of continuous functions. $\endgroup$
    – Phil-W
    Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 9:51
  • $\begingroup$ If you can elaborate on this a bit, you can post it as an answer and we can close this thread. $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 9:54
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    $\begingroup$ @Phil-W I think, this argument only shows that $\operatorname{Cont}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ is not sequentially dense in $\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{R}}$. $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 10:05
  • $\begingroup$ "this argument" is indeed not well-written: it should be "a non-Borel self-map of $\mathbf{R}$ is not the pointwise limit of a sequence of continuous functions". This example shows that one has to be careful with dealing with limits in non-metrizable spaces, such as, typically, uncountable products. $\endgroup$
    – YCor
    Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 12:37
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    $\begingroup$ Additional exercise: there's a countable subset of $\mathrm{Cont}(\mathbf{R},\mathbf{R})$ that is dense in $\mathbf{R}^\mathbf{R}$. $\endgroup$
    – YCor
    Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 13:06

2 Answers 2

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Yes.

Let $g: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be an abritrary function.

Let $\mathcal{F}$ denote the set of all finite subsets of $\mathbb{R}$. We endow $\mathcal{F}$ with the order $\subseteq$, which renders it a directed set.

For each $F \in \mathcal{F}$, choose a continuous function $f_F$ which fulfils $f_F(x) = g(x)$ for all $x \in F$. Then the net $(f_F)_{F \in \mathcal{F}}$ converges pointwise to $g$.

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This question seems to be posed too quickly (without substantial preliminary thinking) and has an (almost trivial) affirmative answer: We should prove that $\mathrm{Cont}(\mathbb R,\mathbb R)$ intersects each non-empty open set $U\subset \mathbb R^{\mathbb R}$. We can assume that $U$ is of basic form: $U=\prod_{r\in\mathbb R}U_r$, where for each $r\in\mathbb R$ the set $U_r$ is open in $\mathbb R$ and the set $F=\{r\in\mathbb R:U_r\ne\mathbb R\}$ is finite. Now take any (piecewise linear) continuous function $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ such that $f(r)\in U_r$ for any $r\in F$. Then $f\in \mathrm{Cont}(\mathbb R,\mathbb R)\cap U$. So, $\mathrm{Cont}(\mathbb R,\mathbb R)$ is dense in $\mathbb R^{\mathbb R}$ (even for the Tychonoff product topology of the real lines endowed with the discrete topology).

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    $\begingroup$ $+1$ for your first sentence. This is the $593$rd question of Dominic Van der Zypen on MO, not counting the deleted ones... $\endgroup$
    – js21
    Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 10:14
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    $\begingroup$ @js21 I ask many questions first, and shoot later ;-) $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 10:21
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    $\begingroup$ On the other hand... MO would be a dreary site if it truly only contained research level questions with non trivial solutions. $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 10:32
  • $\begingroup$ Thanks @YaakovBaruch, but I agree with Taras and js21 that I have asked this question without too much preliminary thinking $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 10:35
  • $\begingroup$ @Js21 By the way, according to the MO-profile of Dominic van der Zypen this is only 503rd his question (not 593rd). $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 23, 2017 at 12:38

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