Is it consistent with $\sf NF$ or $\sf NFU$ to have a set of all transitive sets? Formally:
$\exists t \forall x (x \in t \leftrightarrow x \text { is transitive})$
Where "$x$ is transitive" means that every element of $x$ is a subset of $x$.
No. See Proposition 2.1.16 in Forster's book "Set Theory with a Universal Set: Exploring an Untyped Universe".