Some mistakes in mathematics made by extremely smart and famous people can eventually lead to interesting developments and theorems, e.g. Poincaré's 3d sphere characterization or the search to prove that Euclid's parallel axiom is really necessary unnecessary.
But I also think there are less famous mistakes worth hearing about. So, here's a question:
What's the most interesting mathematics mistake that you know of?
EDIT: There is a similar question which has been closed as a duplicate to this one, but which also garnered some new answers. It can be found here:
Failures that lead eventually to new mathematicsFailures that lead eventually to new mathematics