Fermat may or may not have known that there are 3-term arithmetic progressions of squares (like $1^2, 5^2, 7^2$, and that there are no 4-term APs. Murky history aside, Keith Conrad has two pleasant expositions (here and here) providing a modern treatment of this from an algebraic viewpoint.

A natural combinatorial follow-up is: how large can a subset of $\{1^2,2^2,\dots,n^2\}$ be and still not have 3-term APs? In this paper, I showed that there are subsets of size $$\gg n c^{-\sqrt{\log\log n}},$$ where $c=2^{\sqrt{8}}$, but I don't know of an upper bound.

Is there a subset of the squares with positive relative density that is free of 3-term APs?

Fermat may or may not have known that there are 3-term arithmetic progressions of squares (like $1^2, 5^2, 7^2$, and that there are no 4-term APs. Murky history aside, Keith Conrad has two pleasant expositions (here and here) providing a modern treatment of this from an algebraic viewpoint.

A natural combinatorial follow-up is: how large can a subset of $\{1^2,2^2,\dots,n^2\}$ be and still not have 3-term APs? In this paper, I showed that there are subsets of size $$\gg n c^{-\sqrt{\log\log n}},$$ where $c=2^{\sqrt{8}}$, but I don't know of an upper bound.

Is there a subset of the squares with positive relative density that is free of 3-term APs?

Fermat may or may not have known that there are 3-term arithmetic progressions of squares (like $1^2, 5^2, 7^2$, and that there are no 4-term APs. Murky history aside, Keith Conrad has two pleasant expositions (here and here) providing a modern treatment of this from an algebraic viewpoint.

A natural combinatorial follow-up is: how large can a subset of $\{1^2,2^2,\dots,n^2\}$ be and still not have 3-term APs? In this paper, I showed that there are subsets of size $$\gg n c^{-\sqrt{\log\log n}},$$ where $c=2^{\sqrt{8}}$, but I don't know of an upper bound.

Is there a subset of the squares with positive density that is free of 3-term APs?

Fermat may or may not have known that there are 3-term arithmetic progressions of squares (like $1^2, 5^2, 7^2$, and that there are no 4-term APs. Murky history aside, Keith Conrad has two pleasant expositions (here and here) providing a modern treatment of this from an algebraic viewpoint.

A natural combinatorial follow-up is: how large can a subset of $\{1^2,2^2,\dots,n^2\}$ be and still not have 3-term APs? In this paper, I showed that there are subsets of size $$\gg n c^{-\sqrt{\log\log n}},$$ where $c=2^{\sqrt{8}}$, but I don't know of an upper bound.

Is there a subset of the squares with positive relative density that is free of 3-term APs?