Von Neumann has a result (rather well-known in convex analysis circles) which states that every orthogonally invariant matrix norm (meaning $\| P M Q\| = \| M \|,$ for any orthogonal $P, Q$)) is a symmetric gauge of the singular values. This is a very nice and very useful result, for which the bibtex reference is:

@Misc{zbMATH02519847,
     Author = {J. {von Neumann}},
    Title = {{Some matrix inequalities and metrization of matric space.}},
    Year = {1937},
    Language = {English},
    HowPublished = {{Mitt. Forschungsinst. Math. Mech. Kujbyschew-Univ. Tomsk 1, 286-300 (1937).}},
    Zbl = {63.0037.03}
}

The question is really one of history: how did von Neumann (who was already in Princeton at the time) decide to publish in a Tomsk University proceedings? Tomsk is very far from anywhere in Russia, and I am not aware of anything else that appeared there.

Von Neumann has a result (rather well-known in convex analysis circles) which states that every orthogonally invariant matrix norm (meaning $\| P M Q\| = \| M \|,$ for any orthogonal $P, Q$) is a symmetric gauge of the singular values. This is a very nice and very useful result, for which the reference is (see also bibtex below):

J. von Neumann, Some matrix inequalities and metrization of matric space. Mitt. Forschungsinst. Math. Mech. Kujbyschew-Univ. Tomsk 1, 286-300 (1937).

The question is really one of history:

how did von Neumann (who was already in Princeton at the time) decide to publish in a Tomsk University proceedings?

Tomsk is very far from anywhere in Russia, and I am not aware of anything else that appeared there.

Bibtex reference:

@Misc{zbMATH02519847,
     Author = {J. {von Neumann}},
    Title = {{Some matrix inequalities and metrization of matric space.}},
    Year = {1937},
    Language = {English},
    HowPublished = {{Mitt. Forschungsinst. Math. Mech. Kujbyschew-Univ. Tomsk 1, 286-300 (1937).}},
    Zbl = {63.0037.03}
}