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left out the important qualification that g must be an eigenform
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Jeff H
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It is reported in this paper by Zagier, as well as in Sage, that the elliptic curve $E=197A1$ has congruence number 10. (Since $E$ has prime conductor, a theorem of Ribet ensures that the congruence number is equal to the modular degree.)

If $m_E$ is the congruence number of an elliptic curve $E$, and if the newform corresponding to $E$ is $f \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$, then there exists another cusp formcuspidal eigenform $g \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$ with integral Fourier coefficients such that $f \equiv g \mod m_E$. Note that $g$ is orthogonal (with respect to the Petersson inner product) to $f$, so in particular $f \neq g$. [See the linked Zagier paper, Section 5, for equivalent formulations.]

Now we come to my confusion. One quickly checks (on LMFDB or using Sage, for instance) that there are no other cusp formscuspidal eigenforms with integral coefficients at weight $2$ and level $197$. But $m_E=10$ implies that such a form does exist, and furthermore, it should be congruent to $f$ modulo $10$. What is going on?

It is reported in this paper by Zagier, as well as in Sage, that the elliptic curve $E=197A1$ has congruence number 10. (Since $E$ has prime conductor, a theorem of Ribet ensures that the congruence number is equal to the modular degree.)

If $m_E$ is the congruence number of an elliptic curve $E$, and if the newform corresponding to $E$ is $f \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$, then there exists another cusp form $g \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$ with integral Fourier coefficients such that $f \equiv g \mod m_E$. Note that $g$ is orthogonal (with respect to the Petersson inner product) to $f$, so in particular $f \neq g$. [See the linked Zagier paper, Section 5, for equivalent formulations.]

Now we come to my confusion. One quickly checks (on LMFDB or using Sage, for instance) that there are no other cusp forms with integral coefficients at weight $2$ and level $197$. But $m_E=10$ implies that such a form does exist, and furthermore, it should be congruent to $f$ modulo $10$. What is going on?

It is reported in this paper by Zagier, as well as in Sage, that the elliptic curve $E=197A1$ has congruence number 10. (Since $E$ has prime conductor, a theorem of Ribet ensures that the congruence number is equal to the modular degree.)

If $m_E$ is the congruence number of an elliptic curve $E$, and if the newform corresponding to $E$ is $f \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$, then there exists another cuspidal eigenform $g \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$ with integral Fourier coefficients such that $f \equiv g \mod m_E$. Note that $g$ is orthogonal (with respect to the Petersson inner product) to $f$, so in particular $f \neq g$. [See the linked Zagier paper, Section 5, for equivalent formulations.]

Now we come to my confusion. One quickly checks (on LMFDB or using Sage, for instance) that there are no other cuspidal eigenforms with integral coefficients at weight $2$ and level $197$. But $m_E=10$ implies that such a form does exist, and furthermore, it should be congruent to $f$ modulo $10$. What is going on?

Source Link
Jeff H
  • 1.4k
  • 15
  • 17

Congruence Number of 197A1

It is reported in this paper by Zagier, as well as in Sage, that the elliptic curve $E=197A1$ has congruence number 10. (Since $E$ has prime conductor, a theorem of Ribet ensures that the congruence number is equal to the modular degree.)

If $m_E$ is the congruence number of an elliptic curve $E$, and if the newform corresponding to $E$ is $f \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$, then there exists another cusp form $g \in S_2(\Gamma_0(N))$ with integral Fourier coefficients such that $f \equiv g \mod m_E$. Note that $g$ is orthogonal (with respect to the Petersson inner product) to $f$, so in particular $f \neq g$. [See the linked Zagier paper, Section 5, for equivalent formulations.]

Now we come to my confusion. One quickly checks (on LMFDB or using Sage, for instance) that there are no other cusp forms with integral coefficients at weight $2$ and level $197$. But $m_E=10$ implies that such a form does exist, and furthermore, it should be congruent to $f$ modulo $10$. What is going on?