For the question in the title, you're looking for cube-free infinite words. Of special interest are cube-free infinite words that are binary (use an alphabet of two letters). A lot of work has been done on these. (For example, search for questions here with the combinatorics-on-words tag.)
For the question specific to chess, see http://chess.stackexchange.com/q/4113/3489https://chess.stackexchange.com/q/4113/3489.