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Mar 10, 2017 at 9:42 history edited CommunityBot
replaced http://math.berkeley.edu/ with https://math.berkeley.edu/
Oct 8, 2011 at 19:11 comment added Ian Agol @joro: I think the question is for square roots of primes.
Jan 30, 2010 at 19:43 comment added Jason Smith Oh, Allen Hatcher has some nice info on this. Thanks Allen.
Jan 30, 2010 at 19:04 comment added Jason Smith Thank you Agol! My proof as stated in the question uses only what I learned from reading C.D. Olds' 'Continued Fractions' and Edward J. Barbeau's 'Pell's Equation' and a lot of thinking. I have virtually no exposure to Faray Diagrams but have a good foundation in modern algebra. Is there any books at the master's level that you would suggest so that I can understand your answer?
Jan 30, 2010 at 5:49 comment added Allen Hatcher Nice pictures! I taught an undergraduate number theory course from this point of view (The Farey diagram) last semester, the notes for which are available here: math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/TN/TNpage.html See Chapters 1 and 2 in particular. Conway's topographs also form an integral part of the story. (My apologies for the shameless self-promotion!) When I revise the notes I'll have to add the nice fact discussed in the original post above, which was new to me. Thanks to all for the great answers!
Jan 30, 2010 at 5:43 comment added S. Carnahan There is a nice dual picture using Ford circles. I think if you draw a vertical line from $\pm\sqrt{p}$ to $i\infty$, the Ford circles that it intersects are tangent to the real line at the convergents.
Jan 30, 2010 at 4:38 history edited Ian Agol CC BY-SA 2.5
fixed matrices
Jan 30, 2010 at 4:27 history edited Ian Agol CC BY-SA 2.5
added 319 characters in body
Jan 30, 2010 at 2:03 history answered Ian Agol CC BY-SA 2.5