I asked this [question][1] on math.stackexchange and haven't received an answer in two weeks, so I'm repeating it here.
Let
$$ H=\left(\begin{array}{cccc} 0 & 1/2 & 0 & 1/2 \cr 1/2 & 0 & 1/2 & 0 \cr 1/2 & 0 & 0 & 1/2\cr 0 & 1/2 & 1/2 & 0 \end{array}\right), $$
$K_1(\alpha)=\left(\begin{array}{c}1 \\\\ \alpha\end{array}\right)$ and consider the sequence of matrices defined by $$ K_L(\alpha) = \left[H\otimes I_{2^{L-2}}\right]\left[I_2 \otimes K_{L-1}(\alpha)\right], $$ where $\otimes$ denotes the Kronecker product, and $I_n$ is the $n\times n$ identity matrix.
I am interested in the limiting behaviour of the singular values of $K_L(\alpha)$ -- in particular, $K_L(0)$ -- as $L$ tends to infinity. Some calculation indicate that the $2^L\times 2^{L-1}$-matrix $K_L$ has $L$ non-zero singular values and that, for any positive integer $k$, the $k$ largest singular values converges to some limit.
Question: Can this limit be described in terms of the matrix $H$?
I did some experiments and it seems that the limiting behaviour of the singular values of $K_L$ does not only depend on the matrix $H$, but also on the initial value $K_1(\alpha)$. This makes it unlikely for fixed-point arguments to work in this setting.
I also tried to obtain combinatorial expressions for the coefficients in the characteristic polynomial $\chi_L^\alpha(\lambda)$ of $K_L(\alpha)K_L(\alpha)^T$ but was successful only for the three highest non-trivial powers of $\lambda$.
Edit:
The analysis of $\Sigma(\alpha):=\lim_{L\to\infty}\sigma_1(K_L(\alpha))$ as a function of $\alpha$, as suggested by Suvrit, seems to be a good idea. Numerical calculations indicate that, asymptotically, $$ \Sigma(\alpha)\sim \Sigma(0)\left(.3540+\alpha\right),\quad \alpha\to\infty,\quad \Sigma(0)\approx .8254, $$ and that $\Sigma(\alpha)$ has a minimum at $\approx(-.2936,.7696)$.
I do not see yet, however, if this can be used to compute $\Sigma(0)$ more precisely.
Edit:
Using the improved bound $\sigma_1(K_L)\leq \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{3+2\alpha +3 \alpha ^2}$, which is sharp for $\alpha=\pm 1$, we can deduce that $d/d\alpha \Sigma(-1)=-1/2$, and $d/d\alpha \Sigma(1)=1/\sqrt{2}$.
Edit3:
After staring at the problem a little longer I've come up with a conjecture for the characteristic polynomial $\chi_L^{\alpha}(\lambda)$ of $K_L(\alpha)K_L(\alpha)^T$. More precisely, I believe that $$ \lambda^{-2^L+L}\chi_L^{\alpha}(\lambda) =\lambda ^L-\left(1+\alpha ^2\right)\lambda ^{L-1}+\\\\ +\frac{1}{2^L-1}\sum _{k=2}^L \left(-2\right)^{-k}\left[(1-\alpha)^{2(k-1)}\right]\left[(1-\alpha )^2+k (1+\alpha )^2 \right]\frac{(2^{-L};2)_k}{[k]_2!}\left(2^k-2+2^L\right)\lambda^{L-k}, $$ where $(a;q)_k$ denotes a q-Pochhammer symbol and $[k]_q!$ denotes a q-factorial.
It appears that this formula implies that $\lim_{L\to\infty}\sigma_1(K_L(0))$ can be characterized as $\kappa^{-1/2}$, where $\kappa$ is the smallest positive zero of $x\mapsto f(-x/2)$ and $$ f:x\mapsto\sum_{k=0}^\infty{\frac{(k+1)x^k}{[k]_2!}}. $$ Interestingly, this function is related to the q-exponential.
More generally, $\lim_{L\to\infty}\sigma_1(K_L(\alpha))$ can apparently be characterized as $\kappa_\alpha^{-1/2}$, where $\kappa_\alpha$ is the smallest positive solution of $x\mapsto f_\alpha(-x/2)=0$ and $$ f_\alpha:x\mapsto\sum_{k=0}^\infty{\frac{(1-\alpha )^{2 (k-1)} \left[(1-\alpha )^2+k (1+\alpha )^2\right]x^k}{[k_2]!}}. $$ The other singular values are similarly obtained from the remaining zeros of $x\mapsto f_\alpha(-x/2)$.
The next task will be to say something about the singular vectors. [1]: http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/258736/limit-of-sequence-of-growing-matriceshttps://math.stackexchange.com/questions/258736/limit-of-sequence-of-growing-matrices [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/Y0VyA.png
