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I'm learning about the Thurston norm and am trying to understand the implications that the existence of fibered faces has for the ways in which a given three-manifold $M$ can fiber over the circle. In particular, I am interested in the following question:

Let $M$ be a compact, oriented three-manifold without boundary, and suppose that $M$ is irreducible and atoroidal, so that the Thurston norm is non-degenerate. Suppose further that $M$ admits a fibering over $S^1$, so that there exists a fibered face for the unit norm ball. Is it then true that $M$ fibers over $S^1$ with fiber $S_g$ the closed surface of genus $g$ for infinitely many $g$?

I believe the answer is yes but I haven't seen a discussion of a result of this type in any of the sources I have consulted (Thurston's paper, this paper of McMullen, and the books by Kapovich, Calegari, and Candel-Conlon mentioned in this questionthis question.) The argument I constructed relies on Theorem 6.1 in the aforementioned McMullen paper, which gives conditions under which a class $\phi \in H^1(M, \mathbb{Z})$ is Poincare-dual to a connected norm-minimizing surface $S$. Specifically, for any $\phi$ that is primitive (i.e. maps onto $\mathbb{Z}$) and for which $b_1(M_\phi)$ is finite (where $M_\phi$ is the cyclic covering of $M$ associated to the kernel of $\phi$), a connected, Thurston-norm minimal $S$ dual to $\phi$ exists. In the case where $\phi$ is associated to a fibration $M \to S^1$, it seems to me that the condition on the finiteness of $b_1$ is automatically satisfied: McMullen remarks that in these circumstances we have $b_1(M_\phi) = b_1(F)$ where $F$ is the fiber of the fibration associated to $\phi$.

Now the argument goes as follows: given any primitive $\phi$ in the cone on the fibered face (such $\phi$ exist with arbitrarily large Thurston norm), take the $S$ associated to $\phi$ by the McMullen theorem. By construction, $S$ is dual to $\phi$, which is in turn dual to the fiber $F$ of the associated fibration, so that $S$ and $F$ represent the same homology class. Per a lemma in Calegari's book, a norm-minimizing surface in an irreducible manifold is incompressible. Then, following the remark of Thurston at the beginning of his Section 3, any incompressible surface homologous to a fiber is in fact isotopic to the fiber; in particular they have the same Euler characteristic. Since we can take $|| \phi ||$ to be arbitrarily large, we find that $\chi(S)$, and hence the genus of the fiber, can be arbitrarily large.

My question then is whether the answer to my above question is yes, and if so, is the argument I give correct, and is there a simpler way to show it? Should this be surprising? Is there a simple example of this phenomenon, preferably one where the various fiberings are easy to "see"? I know of examples when $M$ has boundary, namely link complements in the three-torus, but I would like an example with closed fibers.

I'm learning about the Thurston norm and am trying to understand the implications that the existence of fibered faces has for the ways in which a given three-manifold $M$ can fiber over the circle. In particular, I am interested in the following question:

Let $M$ be a compact, oriented three-manifold without boundary, and suppose that $M$ is irreducible and atoroidal, so that the Thurston norm is non-degenerate. Suppose further that $M$ admits a fibering over $S^1$, so that there exists a fibered face for the unit norm ball. Is it then true that $M$ fibers over $S^1$ with fiber $S_g$ the closed surface of genus $g$ for infinitely many $g$?

I believe the answer is yes but I haven't seen a discussion of a result of this type in any of the sources I have consulted (Thurston's paper, this paper of McMullen, and the books by Kapovich, Calegari, and Candel-Conlon mentioned in this question.) The argument I constructed relies on Theorem 6.1 in the aforementioned McMullen paper, which gives conditions under which a class $\phi \in H^1(M, \mathbb{Z})$ is Poincare-dual to a connected norm-minimizing surface $S$. Specifically, for any $\phi$ that is primitive (i.e. maps onto $\mathbb{Z}$) and for which $b_1(M_\phi)$ is finite (where $M_\phi$ is the cyclic covering of $M$ associated to the kernel of $\phi$), a connected, Thurston-norm minimal $S$ dual to $\phi$ exists. In the case where $\phi$ is associated to a fibration $M \to S^1$, it seems to me that the condition on the finiteness of $b_1$ is automatically satisfied: McMullen remarks that in these circumstances we have $b_1(M_\phi) = b_1(F)$ where $F$ is the fiber of the fibration associated to $\phi$.

Now the argument goes as follows: given any primitive $\phi$ in the cone on the fibered face (such $\phi$ exist with arbitrarily large Thurston norm), take the $S$ associated to $\phi$ by the McMullen theorem. By construction, $S$ is dual to $\phi$, which is in turn dual to the fiber $F$ of the associated fibration, so that $S$ and $F$ represent the same homology class. Per a lemma in Calegari's book, a norm-minimizing surface in an irreducible manifold is incompressible. Then, following the remark of Thurston at the beginning of his Section 3, any incompressible surface homologous to a fiber is in fact isotopic to the fiber; in particular they have the same Euler characteristic. Since we can take $|| \phi ||$ to be arbitrarily large, we find that $\chi(S)$, and hence the genus of the fiber, can be arbitrarily large.

My question then is whether the answer to my above question is yes, and if so, is the argument I give correct, and is there a simpler way to show it? Should this be surprising? Is there a simple example of this phenomenon, preferably one where the various fiberings are easy to "see"? I know of examples when $M$ has boundary, namely link complements in the three-torus, but I would like an example with closed fibers.

I'm learning about the Thurston norm and am trying to understand the implications that the existence of fibered faces has for the ways in which a given three-manifold $M$ can fiber over the circle. In particular, I am interested in the following question:

Let $M$ be a compact, oriented three-manifold without boundary, and suppose that $M$ is irreducible and atoroidal, so that the Thurston norm is non-degenerate. Suppose further that $M$ admits a fibering over $S^1$, so that there exists a fibered face for the unit norm ball. Is it then true that $M$ fibers over $S^1$ with fiber $S_g$ the closed surface of genus $g$ for infinitely many $g$?

I believe the answer is yes but I haven't seen a discussion of a result of this type in any of the sources I have consulted (Thurston's paper, this paper of McMullen, and the books by Kapovich, Calegari, and Candel-Conlon mentioned in this question.) The argument I constructed relies on Theorem 6.1 in the aforementioned McMullen paper, which gives conditions under which a class $\phi \in H^1(M, \mathbb{Z})$ is Poincare-dual to a connected norm-minimizing surface $S$. Specifically, for any $\phi$ that is primitive (i.e. maps onto $\mathbb{Z}$) and for which $b_1(M_\phi)$ is finite (where $M_\phi$ is the cyclic covering of $M$ associated to the kernel of $\phi$), a connected, Thurston-norm minimal $S$ dual to $\phi$ exists. In the case where $\phi$ is associated to a fibration $M \to S^1$, it seems to me that the condition on the finiteness of $b_1$ is automatically satisfied: McMullen remarks that in these circumstances we have $b_1(M_\phi) = b_1(F)$ where $F$ is the fiber of the fibration associated to $\phi$.

Now the argument goes as follows: given any primitive $\phi$ in the cone on the fibered face (such $\phi$ exist with arbitrarily large Thurston norm), take the $S$ associated to $\phi$ by the McMullen theorem. By construction, $S$ is dual to $\phi$, which is in turn dual to the fiber $F$ of the associated fibration, so that $S$ and $F$ represent the same homology class. Per a lemma in Calegari's book, a norm-minimizing surface in an irreducible manifold is incompressible. Then, following the remark of Thurston at the beginning of his Section 3, any incompressible surface homologous to a fiber is in fact isotopic to the fiber; in particular they have the same Euler characteristic. Since we can take $|| \phi ||$ to be arbitrarily large, we find that $\chi(S)$, and hence the genus of the fiber, can be arbitrarily large.

My question then is whether the answer to my above question is yes, and if so, is the argument I give correct, and is there a simpler way to show it? Should this be surprising? Is there a simple example of this phenomenon, preferably one where the various fiberings are easy to "see"? I know of examples when $M$ has boundary, namely link complements in the three-torus, but I would like an example with closed fibers.

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Nick Salter
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Regarding the Thurston norm and the ways that a three-manifold can fiber over the circle

I'm learning about the Thurston norm and am trying to understand the implications that the existence of fibered faces has for the ways in which a given three-manifold $M$ can fiber over the circle. In particular, I am interested in the following question:

Let $M$ be a compact, oriented three-manifold without boundary, and suppose that $M$ is irreducible and atoroidal, so that the Thurston norm is non-degenerate. Suppose further that $M$ admits a fibering over $S^1$, so that there exists a fibered face for the unit norm ball. Is it then true that $M$ fibers over $S^1$ with fiber $S_g$ the closed surface of genus $g$ for infinitely many $g$?

I believe the answer is yes but I haven't seen a discussion of a result of this type in any of the sources I have consulted (Thurston's paper, this paper of McMullen, and the books by Kapovich, Calegari, and Candel-Conlon mentioned in this question.) The argument I constructed relies on Theorem 6.1 in the aforementioned McMullen paper, which gives conditions under which a class $\phi \in H^1(M, \mathbb{Z})$ is Poincare-dual to a connected norm-minimizing surface $S$. Specifically, for any $\phi$ that is primitive (i.e. maps onto $\mathbb{Z}$) and for which $b_1(M_\phi)$ is finite (where $M_\phi$ is the cyclic covering of $M$ associated to the kernel of $\phi$), a connected, Thurston-norm minimal $S$ dual to $\phi$ exists. In the case where $\phi$ is associated to a fibration $M \to S^1$, it seems to me that the condition on the finiteness of $b_1$ is automatically satisfied: McMullen remarks that in these circumstances we have $b_1(M_\phi) = b_1(F)$ where $F$ is the fiber of the fibration associated to $\phi$.

Now the argument goes as follows: given any primitive $\phi$ in the cone on the fibered face (such $\phi$ exist with arbitrarily large Thurston norm), take the $S$ associated to $\phi$ by the McMullen theorem. By construction, $S$ is dual to $\phi$, which is in turn dual to the fiber $F$ of the associated fibration, so that $S$ and $F$ represent the same homology class. Per a lemma in Calegari's book, a norm-minimizing surface in an irreducible manifold is incompressible. Then, following the remark of Thurston at the beginning of his Section 3, any incompressible surface homologous to a fiber is in fact isotopic to the fiber; in particular they have the same Euler characteristic. Since we can take $|| \phi ||$ to be arbitrarily large, we find that $\chi(S)$, and hence the genus of the fiber, can be arbitrarily large.

My question then is whether the answer to my above question is yes, and if so, is the argument I give correct, and is there a simpler way to show it? Should this be surprising? Is there a simple example of this phenomenon, preferably one where the various fiberings are easy to "see"? I know of examples when $M$ has boundary, namely link complements in the three-torus, but I would like an example with closed fibers.