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@MonroeEskew My previous comment meant to say that Andreas' answer does indeed give a positive answer to your question, at least if we also assume that $V$ satisfies the ultrapower axiom.
If $V$ is an extender model (it is enough to assume that $V$ satisfies the ultrapower axiom), then this idea of amalgamating $M_0, M_1$ works and the diagram commutes.
@Qfwfq How do you prove $|\coprod_{x\in \alpha}f^{-1}(\{x\})|\leq\alpha\beta$ in $\mathrm{ZF}$ if you don't have a choice function $x \mapsto i_x \colon f^{-1}(\{x\}) \to \beta$?
@Joel I've thought about that as well. Unfortunately $V$ and $L$ massively disagree about what $\mathrm{Coll}(\kappa, \kappa^{+})$ is... I've also thought about reflecting a possible failure via (very) large cardinals and then use something along the lines of proposition 3. But thus far I don't see how to do it.