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Great, thanks! Where did you get the first formula, though? Also, as a followup: would you know what kind of measure of concentration is satisfied by these inner products? That is, what is the probability that $\mathrm{Tr}( \psi \psi^* \, \, w x^* \,\, \psi \psi^* \,\, y z^*)$ deviates from the average by more than some amount $\epsilon$?