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Thanks, Christian. For the fibered surface case, the degree of $f_* \omega_{X/C}$ is non-negative in semistable cases. But is there any result related to the higher dimensional case which involves the higher direct images?
Thanks for your comment, rita. There is a result saying that the smooth curve of degree $d$ in $\mathbb P^2$ has gonality $d−1$. This is an evidence for my statement to be true.